Parts and functions of steam turbine power plant tutorials. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. An overspeed failure on a big steam or gas turbine is one of the most frightening of industrial accidents. Superheating the steam to higher temperatures has very desirable effect.
Excellent text on steam turbine design but now dated as it covers only smaller units. Steam turbine maintenance is of high importance to keep the steam turbines efficiency high and to conform to safety standards to avoid any unforeseen dangers. Water turbines are classified into 2 typesimpulse type. There are more than 2,700 steam turbine types of varying age and with different numbers of blade stages in operation today. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries.
Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and. Hydraulic control systems in gas and steam turbines. These are installed at steam turbines where highpressure high temperature steam is transferred to one or more low pressure turbines. This high pressure steam is directed to the turbine blade thus causing the blade to rotate. It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steam engine primarily because of its greater thermal efficiency and higher powertoweight ratio. The steam turbine operates under high steam pressures, and has a number of moving parts that move at extremely high velocities. Baseframe the baseframe is constructed with ipro file beams, strengthened by bracing and extra supports at the component locations. Operation and maintenance schedule of a steam turbine plant. In addition, there are blades, on which high pressure steam is exerted. Varma turbine parts will be less prone to rust, erosion, wear and tear. Steam turbines are widely used for combined heat and power chp applications in the united states.
The blades are designed in such a way as to produce maximum rotational energy by directing the flow of the steam along its surface. Ability to utilize high pressure and high temperature steam. Turbine stages, comprising nozzlestator and rotor blade rows. It is not mechanically connected to the gas generator, but instead is mechanically coupled, 1. Langston, university of connecticut and george opdyke, jr. Pdf portable document format pdf 68 care and maintenance. Steam turbine blades look a bit like propeller blades but are made from highperformance alloys because the steam flowing past is hot, at high pressure, and traveling fast. Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. Steam turbines are being started based on operating instructions developed by turbine manufacturers and constituting an integral part of startup instructions of.
Steam turbine repair using insitu shaft machining restores full capacity of dutch powerstation in only four days machining and honing of steam turbine generator rotor shaft during operations at one of the power stations of a major european electrical supplier, a. Operation and maintenance schedule of a steam turbine. With an appendix on gas turbines and the future of heat engines. In this turbine the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. It provides the reader with useful information on the efficiency, reliability, advantages and position of steam turbines. The passage is cast in three separate compartments. We will not transport equipment that is not safely secured. Beyond the turbine end of the gas generator is a freely rotating turbine. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Steam turbines consist essentially of a casing to which stationary blades are fixed on the inside and a rotor carrying moving blades on the periphery. In principle they are far simpler than cylinder engines, steam being merely directed at a suitable angle on to specially shaped vanes attached to a revolving drum and shaft. Industrial steam turbines the new atp family the optimum. The steam turbine generator is the primary power conversion component of the power. The myr produces more power without additional steam, and can be installed in many areas where singlestage steam turbines currently are operating.
Steam turbine replacement parts ge power generation. If steam temperatures and pressures along the turbine steam expansion path are. Crossover piping bellows is a special steam pipe expansion. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. Steam turbine convert a part of the energy of the steam evidenced by high temperature and pressure into mechanical powerin turn electrical power. Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. Steam and gas turbine stations globally have capabilities to perform inplace machining repairs while stations in the middle east and asia have broader turbine. One compartment is continuously open for steam flow to a. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in. This types of turbines are located in between the highpressure water source and the lowpressure water exit.
Operators guide to general purpose steam turbines wiley. This provides a follow up of basic engineering cycles with applications to conventional power plants. Pumpkin patch owns and operates stores in new zealand, australia and ireland. It steam power plant decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit as can be seen in ts diagram as shown in figure 2. Rotor is the heart of the steam turbine and it affects the efficiency of the steam turbine. The primary component that goes into a steam turbine is its blades. Parsons marine steam turbine company was a british engineering company based in wallsend, north east england, on the river tyne. A pressurebalanced arrangement is invariably used to eliminate any pressure forces from the bellows in the expansion joint, and it would be impractical to provide separate fix points. For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell. With a gas turbine the quantity of fuel fed is closedloop controlled e. The myr design combines the reliability and parts interchangeability of our popular yr turbine with the power and efficiency of multistage turbines.
The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. Bloch, 2 books moyer, james ambrose, 2 books john morrow, 2 books oskar lasche, 2 books aurel stodola, 2 books parsons, charles sir, 2 books auguste rateau, 2 books walter s. Model steam turbines steam turbines have come very much to the fore during recent years, especially for marine propulsion. Gas turbines as a whole system has a axial compressor at the inlet. By registering for the my power parts store you can take control of the parts discovery and purchase process for your ge equipment. Varma turbines will arrest all leakages of steam, gas and water in respective turbines. The temperature to which steam can be superheated is limited by metallurgical consideration. Since then turbines based on these principles have evolved in parallel and in fact merged to some degree.
The book includes over examples to give the reader a clear understanding of. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. Qty unit spare parts for steam turbine and auxiliaries 1 thrust bearing liner t1t346621 3 sets. The high cost of an extensive overhaul due to an undetected component failure. Stationary blades shift the steam onto rotating blades, which provide power. Component commonality is limited, and avoiding unplanned outages depends partly on knowing in advance what parts will need. It includes heat exchange and energy conversion equipment. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.
Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages. Steam then leaves the turbine and is utilized in other parts. The turbine is located at the end of penstock from where the pressurized water strike the blades of turbine at high velocity making it to rotate. Crossover piping bellows is a special steam pipe expansion joint.
Kearton is designed to guide any student of engineering. The valves are provided in the steam passage way in the bottom half of the steam end turbine casing between the steam chest and nozzle ring. Thus, the temperature drops, and kinetic energy is gained. The overall internal condition of a steam turbine can be evaluated using the valveswideopen test.
Spare parts list for alzara power plant group 1 spare parts for maintenance and major overhauling of steam turbine no. The introduction of crossover piping bellows enables the thermal and mechanical movements to take place without imposing unacceptable loads on the turbine casing. Steam and gas turbine stations globally have capabilities to perform inplace machining repairs while stations in the middle east and asia have broader turbine repair and maintenance capabilities. A condenser installed at the exhaust or low pressure end of the turbine receives and condenses the steam prior to it being pumped back to the boiler. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than atmospheric. Steam turbine portfolio overview digital asset management. Prepare ordering manufacturing documents incorporating above selections. This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. Case study r beebe school of applied sciences and engineering monash university summary. The turbines performance, as well as the performance of each component within the turbine, is dependent upon the operating interrelationship between internal components and the total operating systems. A ge gas turbine is a fully integrated design consisting of stationary and rotating mechanical, fluid, thermal, and electrical systems. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application. Thus, the better the design of the blade, the more efficient the turbine will be.
Parts of a gas turbine, popularly called as jet engine. Aug 05, 2016 an overspeed failure on a big steam or gas turbine is one of the most frightening of industrial accidents. All steam turbines have the same basic parts, though theres a lot of variation in how theyre arranged. Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are. An oil tank is integrated in the frame, which is designed for floor installation or for mounting on a table slab foundation. Crossover piping bellows are another example of the specialised steam pipe expansion joints. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. The company was founded by charles algernon parsons in 1897 with. Leland, 2 books calvin franklin swingle, 2 books f. Steam turbine technology kth royal institute of technology web.
The information contained in this document is for information purposes only and is gathered from published. The essential parts of all steam turbines consist of nozzles or jets through which the steam can flow and expand. Introduction to gas turbines for nonengineers published in the global gas turbine news, volume 37. Principles of operation of a steam turbinewhen high temperature steam passes through a steam turbine. Aug 19, 20 a condenser installed at the exhaust or low pressure end of the turbine receives and condenses the steam prior to it being pumped back to the boiler. A major steam turbine repair can cost ten or more times that of a garden variety centrifugal pump repair. As an owner of ge turbines and generator equipment, you will have 24x7 access to.
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